MiCA (Regulation (EU) 2023/1114) regulates crypto issuers and service providers across the EU and EEA. For service providers, the transitional period ended on 1 July 2026. Licensed firms appear in ESMA's register.
MiCA regulates businesses, not the Bitcoin network or self-custody.
Takeaway: Regulation rules the intermediaries; holding your own keys stays simple.
Educational information, not legal or tax advice.